Class X, CBSE Political Science - Democratic Politics II
Chapter 2, Federalism
Ncert Solutions | NCERT Answers of Textbook Intext Questions
Democratic
Politics II, Page No.14
Question: I am confused.
What do we call the India government ? Is it Union, Federal or Central ?
Answer: Since, India is
made up of states by ‘holding together’, so, without any confusion we should
call it a federal state and the government at the centre is called the central
government.
Question: Though only 25 of
the world’s 192 countries have federal political system, their citizen’s make
up 40 per cent of the world’s population. Most of the large countries of the
world are federations. Can you notice an exception to this rule in this map?
Answer: Yes. China, which is the most populous country of the world,
does not practise the federal system of sharing of power. Instead, it enjoys
unitary political system.
Democratic
Politics II, Page No.15
Question: If federalism
works only in big countries, why did Belgium adopt it ?
Answer: Because even though
it is a small country, it has diverse population made up of multilingual
groups. These linguistic groups have their own interests which might lead to
social conflict. So, to avoid any possible social conflict and political
instability, Belgium adopted federal system of power sharing.
Democratic
Politics II, Page No.17
Question: If agriculture
and commerce are state subjects, why do we have ministers of agriculture and
commerce in the Union cabinet ?
Answer: This is because the states have to deal with each other
in commercial and agricultural commodities. There comes chances when a state
will act arbitrarily. In that condition, problems will arise regarding price
control, tax, etc. Also, the country has to deal with other nations in these
subjects. So, a separate ministry for agriculture and commerce is necessary in
the Union cabinet.
Democratic
Politics II, Page No.18
Question: Pokharan, the
place where India conducted its nuclear test, lies in Rajasthan. Suppose the
Government of Rajasthan was opposed to the Central Government’s nuclear policy,
could it prevent the Government of India from conducting the nuclear tests ?
Answer: No, the Government of Rajasthan cannot prevent the
Government of India from conducting the nuclear tests. Since, it is a matter
related to the National Security, so it comes under the jurisdiction of the
Central Government.
Question: Suppose the
Government of Sikkim plans to introduce new textbooks in its schools. But the
Union Government does not like the style and content of the new textbooks. In
that case, does the state government need to take permission from the Union
Government before these textbooks can be launched ?
Answer: Yes, in this case the Government of Sikkim will have to
take permission from the Union Government, because education is a subject of
Concurrent List on which both the state and union governments can make laws.
And, in case of any conflict of law, only the Union law prevails.
Question: Suppose the Chief
Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa have different policies on
how their state police should respond to the naxalites. Can the Prime Minister of India intervene and
pass an order that all Chief Ministers will have to obey ?
Answer: No, police is a
state subject on which only the states can make laws.
Democratic
Politics II, Page No.19
Question: Can you identify
three state names in 1947 that have changed later ?
Answer: 1. Madhya Pradesh was called Central
Province. 2. Punjab was a part of North-West Province. 3. Rajasthan was a part
of Rajputana.
Question: Identify any
three states which have been carved out of a bigger state.
Answer: 1. Jharkhand from Bihar.
2. Chhattisgarh from Madhya Pradesh. 3. Uttaranchal from Uttar Pradesh.
Democratic
Politics II, Page No. 20
Question: Why Hindi ? Why
not Bangla or Telugu?
Answer: The Government of India, in its Constitution, declares
Hindi and English as official languages. But, being a federal government, it
cannot impose its will on the people who speak a language other than Hindi. The
Union Government continues to promote Hindi as the official language because
40% of its population speaks Hindi. This is the flexibility shown by the Union
that states have their own official languages. We respect the language and culture
of each other. So, people are free to speak in the language of their choices.
Each state has its official language.
Democratic
Politics II, Page No. 22
Question 3: Find out about
three languages that are spoken in India but are not included in this table (in
8th standard).
Answer: Bhojpuri, Magadhi,
Bundel-khandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani, Bhili. (Write any three).
Democratic
Politics II, Page No.25
Question: Prime Minister
runs the country. Chief Minister runs the state. Logically, then the
Chairperson of Zila Parishad should run the district. Why does the D.M. or Collector
administer the district ?
Answer: The president of
Zila Parishad is the political head. All the decisions are made under his
leadership. In fact, the DM is the administrative head, who executes the
decisions of the Parishad. This is, in fact, an example of sharing of power. We
can compare it with sharing of power between the legislative and executive. So,
it is right that the DM administers the district.
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