Chapter 7, OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
Class X Cbse Ncert Social (Political Science)
NCERT Solutions of Chapter 7, Democratic Politics II exercise questions
Question 1: How does
democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government ?
Solution:
1. Democracy produces an accountable
government because it – (a) provides opportunity to the people to choose their
rulers through regular, free and fair elections. (b) Carries open public debate
on major public issues and legislations. (c) Gives citizens the right to
information about the government and its functioning.
2. Democracy produces a responsive
government because the government is formed by the elected representatives of
the people. These representatives discuss the problems of the society and make
policies and programmes accordingly. To address the problems, these policies
and programmes are implemented.
3. Democracy produces a legitimate
government because it is the government of the citizens. It is the citizens who
through their representatives form and run the government for themselves.
Question 2: What are
the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities ?
Solution: Democracies
are in a better position to handle social differences, divisions and conflicts.
But a democracy must fulfil the following two conditions :
1.
Majority and minority should always
work together. Majority should not try to run their authority over minority.
2.
No group should feel assured of
being in majority all the time.
Class X, NCERT Solutions of Chapter 7, Outcomes of Democracy exercise questions
Question 3: Give
arguments to support or oppose following assertions:
1. Industrialised
countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich.
2. Democracy can’t
reduce inequality of income between different citizens.
3. Government in poor
countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education, clothing,
and spend more o industries and infrastructure.
4. In democracy all
citizen have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and
conflict.
Solution:
1. The statement is incorrect and hence, I oppose it. For
example, in 1947, India was included in the Third World nations. Since, than it
has been ruled by various democratic governments till now when it is one of the
fast-growing economies in the world.
While, on the other hand, the economic conditions of Zimbabwe, once upon
a very prosperous country, has deteriorated very much under Robert-Mugabe’s
regime.
2. No, I oppose the statement that democracy can’t reduce
inequality of incomes between different citizens. Inequality of income may be due to various
social ailments and economic conditions. So, it should not be left to democracy
alone to reduce inequality of income between different citizens.
3. This argument is not acceptable for the reason that if the
government does fulfil the basic needs of its people than it will loose its
support among the people. On the contrary, government in poor countries should
spend more on health and education as the people in such countries are found to
be unable to meet these basic needs.
4. No, in principle, they have been made equal on political
footing by giving equal value to each vote but in practice there are many other
factors that make one group dominant over the other. We cannot say that there
is no conflict or domination in a democracy. There is a conflict of interest
and domination of one group over the other, but democracy provides the means to
negotiate and resolve them.
Question 4: Identify
the challenges to democracy in following descriptions. Also suggest
policy\institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situation:
1. Following a High
Court directive a temple in Orissa that had separate entry door for dalits and
non-dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.
2. A large number of farmers
are committing suicide in different states of India.
3. Following allegation
of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.
Solution:
1. Here, people were discriminated on
the basis of their birth in a particular caste or social group. This denies the
democratic principle that all are equal irrespective of their birth, religion,
etc. It was a challenge to the democracy to provide equal status to all its
citizens which it did well.
2. This reflects a challenge to the
democracy in terms of its policies and programmes. In a democracy, the
government has to safeguard the interest of every social group including
farmers.
3. This reflects that democracy has
failed to secure the dignity and freedom of the people. This particular
situation put a challenge to the democracy to maintain people’s trust in the
J&K government arms like police. Following policy\institutional mechanism
can deepen democracy:
(i) People should be promoted to respect differences
between the social groups.
(ii) People should be promoted to resolve dispute
through negotiations.
(iii)
Strengthening of the local government by providing them with more powers and resources.
(iv) People should be promoted to pay taxes
so that their poor counterparts can be provided with
a dignified life.
(v) Government should make policies regarding the discriminated and disadvantaged sections of the society.
(vi) Institutions should be made to evaluate
the implementation of various policies and programmes.
Class 10, NCERT Solutions of Chapter 7, Outcomes of Democracy exercise questions
Question 5: In the
context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies
have successfully eliminated:
A. Conflicts among
people.
B. Economic inequalities
among people.
C. Differences of
opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated.
D. The idea of political
inequality.
Solution: D. The idea of
political inequality.
Question 6: In the
context of assessing democracy which among the following is odd one out.
Democracies need to ensure:
A. Free and fair
elections.
B. Dignity of the
individual.
C. Majority rule.
D. Equal treatment
before law.
Solution: C. Majority
rule.
Question 7: Studies
on political and social inequalities in democracy show that
A. Democracy and
development go together.
B. Inequalities exist in
democracies.
C. Inequalities do not
exist under dictatorship.
D. Dictatorship is
better than democracy.
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