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Showing posts with label X Economics. Show all posts

CBSE Board Class 10, Consumer Rights - NCERT Solutions for Economics Chapter Exercise Questions

 

CBSE Class 10, NCERT Economics (Understanding Economic development)

Chapter 5, CONSUMER RIGHTS

NCERT Solutions – NCERT Answers (Chapter exercise)

Question 1: Why are rules and regulations required in the marketplace? Illustrate with a few examples.
Solution: Rules and regulations are required in the marketplace because individual consumers often find themselves in a weak position. Whenever there is a complaint regarding a good or service, the seller tries to shift all the responsibility on to the buyer. For example:
     1) Many dishonest shopkeepers weigh less than what they should. I purchased 2 kg honey       which was underweight. When I complained it to the seller, he said, "If you didn't like,           why you bought. Please go elsewhere."
     2) Sometimes traders add charges that were not mentioned before.
     3) Some unscrupulous traders play with the health of the nation by indulging in adulteration      of wink edible oils, milk, ghee, honey, etc. As we know, in 1999, adulteration in mustard oil    claimed various lives in Delhi.

Class X, NCERT Economics - CONSUMER RIGHTS

CBSE Solutions – CBSE Guide

Question 2: What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution.
OR
What were the reasons for the rise and growth of the consumer movement in India?
 Solution: The following factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India:
      1) Uncontrolled food shortages,
      2) Hoarding,
      3) Black marketing,
      4) Adulteration of food and edible oil.
References to the protection of consumer's interest against exploitation by traders and businessmen are found in the Kautilya's Arthashastra. But an organized and systematic movement against the above factors started in the 1960s. But til the 1970s, consumer organizations were largely engaged in writing articles and holding exhibitions. They formed consumer groups to look into the malpractices in ration shops and overcrowding in the road passenger transport.

CBSE Class X, NCERT Economics, CONSUMER RIGHTS

NCERT Solutions – NCERT Answers

Question 3: Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples.
Solution: The need for consumer consciousness may be clear by the following examples:
     1) Tata Tele Communications sent a flawed phone bill of ₹400 to Mr.Jayashree Pillai, a             teacher in Delhi. She complained it to the consumer forum. Ultimately, she has been             awarded a compensation of ₹45,000 over this disputed bill of ₹400.
     2) Mr. Manoj Gupta complained of poor construction of a society flat in Delhi. But his                 complaints were ignored by the society. A consumer court uphold his complaint of                 deficiency in service and directed the society to pay ₹20,000 as compensation.

Question 4: Mention a few factors which cause exploitation of consumers. (Reasons of exploitation).
Solution: The following are the major factors that cause exploitation of the consumers:
     1) Limited information: Providing full and correct information about the product to                  consumers is of great importance. In the absence of information regarding the price,              quality, composition, conditions of use, terms of purchase etc., consumers are likely to          make a wrong choice and lose money.
     2) Limited supplies: When the supply of goods is less than their demand, this situation           encourages the tendency of hoarding. As a result, the prices rise and consumers are             exploited.
     3) Limited competition: When there is only one producer or a few producers of a product       then, they are in a position to control or restrict the availability of the product. There is a         possibility of manipulation in prices and supply and as a result, the consumer will get             exploited.
     4) Low literacy: Illiteracy causes ignorance of products and the market. This leads to               exploitation of consumers.

Chapter 5, CONSUMER RIGHTS(Understanding Economic Development)

NCERT Solutions – CBSE Guide

Question 5: What is the rationale behind the enactment of Consumer Protection Act 1986?
Solution: The rationale behind the enactment of Consumer Protection Act 1986, is to provide better protection of the interests of consumers.
The consumer movement succeeded in bringing pressure on business firms to correct business conduct which may be unfair and against the interests of consumers at large.

Question 6: Describe some of your duties as consumers if you visit a shopping complex in your locality.
OR
List some of the duties of the consumers.
Solution: The following are our duties as consumers:
     1) A consumer should look at the price, quality of the products as well as at the guarantee of     the products and services. A consumer should purchase quality marked products by ISI,       Agmark, Hallmark etc.
     2) A consumer should ask for cash memo for the goods purchased.
     3) A consumer must make complaint for our genuine grievances.
     4) A consumer should take the help of consumer organisations in seeking redressal of their      grievances.
     5) A consumer must know their rights and exercise them.

For solutions of remaining questions (Q. No 7–13) please visit our post:

Related study: For answers of Chapter 5 NCERT Intext Questions please visit our post -

NCERT Answers of CBSE Class 10 Economics - Consumer Rights

 

CBSE Class 10, NCERT Economics (Understanding Economic development)

Chapter 5, CONSUMER RIGHTS

NCERT Solutions – NCERT Answers

 For answers of previous questions (Q. No 1–6) please visit our post:

CBSE Board Class 10, ConsumerRights - NCERT Solutions for Economics Chapter Exercise Questions

Question 7: Suppose you buy a bottle of honey and a biscuit packet. Which logo or mark you will have to look for and why?
Answer: If I purchase a bottle of honey and a biscuit packet, I shall have to look for Agmark on the bottle of honey and ISI mark on the biscuit packet.
This is because honey is a agricultural produce while biscuit is a consumer good.

Question 8: What legal measures were taken by the government to empower the consumers in India?
Answer: Several legal measures have been taken by the government in this context. They include enactment of the Consumer Protection Act (COPRA), 1986. The government also amended certain provisions in other Acts. The measures were:
     1) Consumer Protection Act applies to all goods and services except some specific goods.
     2) It covers all the given rights of consumers.
     3) The provisions of the Act are compensatory as well as preventive and punitive.
     4) It ensures all the given rights of consumers.
     5) To promote and protect the rights of consumers, consumer protection councils at the             district, state and central levels were established.
     6) A three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for     simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal of consumer disputes.

Class X NCERT Economics - CONSUMER RIGHTS

NCERT Solutions – NCERT Answers

Question 9: Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences of each.
Answer: The following are the rights of consumers under the Indian laws which the business community has to keep in mind:
     1) Right to Safety: Consumers have the right to be protected against the marketing of             goods and delivery of services that are hazardous to life and property.
     2) Right to be Informed: Consumers have the right to be informed about the aspects of           goods and services that they purchase. These aspects include: quality, quantity, potency,     purity, standard and price of goods.
     3) Right to Choose: It ensures the consumers' access to variety of goods and services at a     fair prices.
     4) Right to Seek Redressal: Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair           trade practices and exploitation.
     5) Right to Represent: We as consumers have the right to represent in the consumer               courts. Our interest should receive due consideration at appropriate forums.
     6) Right to Consumer Education: This includes knowledge about goods and issues               relating to consumer welfare.

Question 10: By what means can the consumers expresses their solidarity?
Answer: The consumers can express their solidarity by consumer movement. They form consumer organizations or groups, which are locally known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils.
These voluntary organizations such as Resident Welfare Associations guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court. They also represent individual consumers in the consumer courts.

 CBSE Class 10 Economics - CONSUMER RIGHTS

NCERT Solutions – NCERT Answers

Question 11: Critically examine the progress of consumer movement in India.
OR
Critically evaluate the role played by the consumer movement in India.
Answer: The consumer movement emerged as a social force to protect and promote consumer interests against unfair trade practices.
Progress / Evolution of Consumer Protectionism / Movement in India:
1. References to the protection of consumers' interest against exploitation by trade and industry, underweight, adulteration can be found even in the Kautilya's Arthashastra.
2. However, organised and systematic movement has been started in the 1960s.
3. A major step taken by the government was the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
4. India is one of the countries that have exclusive courts for consumer redressal.
5. The consumer movement has made remarkable progress in terms of number of organized groups and their activities. These are more than 700 consumer groups in our country of which 20-25 groups are well-organized and recognized for their work.

Demerits / disadvantage / difficulties (shortcomings / problems) of consumer redressal process:
Criticisms or shortcomings or problems of consumer redressal process - It is criticised on the following grounds:
1. The consumer redressal process is expensive and time-consuming.
2. In most cases cash memos are not issued. Hence, evidence is not easy to gather.
3. Most purchases in the market are from small retail shops.
4. The existing laws are not very clear about compensation to consumers injured by defective products.
5. Consumer awareness is spreading very slowly.
6. Enforcement of laws especially in the unorganized sectors is weak.
7. Rules and regulations for working of markets are often not followed.
Thus, consumer movements can be effective only with the consumers' active involvement.

Question 13: Say True or False:
1. COPRA applies only to goods.
2. India is one of the many countries in the world which has exclusive courts for consumer redressal.
3. When a consumer feels that he has been exploited, he must file a case to the District Consumer Court.
4. It is worthwhile to move to consumer courts only if the damages incurred are of high value.
5. Hallmark is the certification maintained for standardization of jewellery.
6. The consumer redressal process is very simple and quick.
7. A consumer has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of the damage.

Solution:
1.False; 2.True; 3.True; 4.False; 5.True; 6.False; 7.True.

 For answers of previous questions (Q. No 1–6) please visit our post:
CBSE Board Class 10, ConsumerRights - NCERT Solutions for Economics Chapter Exercise Questions

Related study: For answers of Chapter 5 NCERT Intext Questions please visit our post -
>> Consumer Rights - Class 10 CBSE Economics - NCERT Answers of Chapter 5 Intext Questions of Page 77, 78, 79, 80

>> CBSE Guide plus CBSE Guess Questions - Class X, NCERT Economics - Consumer Rights

Class X, NCERT Economics Social Science - Consumer Rights - Intext Questions of Page 81, 82, 84, 86

 

CBSE Class X, Economics (Social Science)Chapter 5, CONSUMER RIGHTS

NCERT answers of Intext questions

For answers of questions of earlier pages please refer to our previous post:
Consumer Rights - Class 10 CBSE Economics - NCERT Answers of Chapter 5 Intext Questions of Page 77, 78, 79, 80

Page - 81
Question 1: When we buy commodities we find that the price charged is sometimes higher or lower than the Maximum Retail Price printed on the pack. Discuss the possible reasons. Should consumer groups do something about this?
Answer: The possible reason of higher price than the Maximum Retail Price of product may be: sellers charge arbitrary prices to earn high profits. On the other hand, price charged is lower than the Maximum Retail Price because of the bargaining of the consumers.
Yes, consumer groups should make pressure on sellers to keep the price lower than the Maximum Retail Price.
Question 3: People make complaints about the lack of civic amenities such as bad roads or poor water and health facilities but no one listens. Now the RTI Act gives you the power to question. Do you agree? Discuss.
Answer: Yes, I agree with the statement that the RTI Act gives citizens the power to question. The Act ensures its citizens all the information about the functions of government departments.
Page - 82
Question 1: The following are some of the catchy advertisements of products that we purchase from the market. Which of the following offers would really benefit consumers? Discuss.
    1) 15 gm more in every 500 gm pack.
    2) Subscribe for a newspaper with a gift at the end of a year.
    3) Scratch and win gifts worth ₹10 lacks.
    4) A milk chocolate inside a 500 gm glucose box.
    5) Win a gold coin inside a pack.
    6) Buy shoes worth ₹2000 and get one pair of shoes worth ₹500 free.
Answer:
1) 15 gm more in every 500 gm pack.
6) Buy shoes worth ₹ 2000 and get one pair of shoes worth ₹500 free.
Page - 84
Question 1: Arrange the following in the correct order.
    a) Arita files a case in the District Consumer Court.
    b) She engages a professional person.
    c) She realises that the dealer has given her defective               material.
    d) She starts attending the court proceedings.
    e) She goes and complains to the dealer and the Branch           office, to no effect.
     f) She is asked to produce the bill and warranty before the         court.
    g) She purchases a wall clock from a retail outlet.
    h) Within a few months, the dealer was ordered by the court       to replace her old wall clock with a brand new one at no         extra cost.
Answer:
1- (g), 2- (b), 3- (c), 4- (e), 5- (a), 6- (d), 7- (f), 8- (h)
Page - 86
Question 3: What is the difference between consumer protection council and consumer court?
Answer:
Consumer Protection Council
The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various voluntary consumer organizations which are locally known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils. They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court, create awareness among consumers. They can also represent consumer in the consumer court.
Consumer Court
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 has the provision for setting up a three-tier judicial system which is popularly known as consumer courts at district, state and national levels. The function of consumer court is to settle consumer disputes. The district level court deals with cases involving claims upto 20 lacks, the state level courts between 20 lack and 1 crore while the national level court deals with cases involving claims above 1 crore.
Question 4: The Consumer Protection Act 1986 ensures the following as rights which every consumer in India should possess.
    1) Right to choice.
    2) Right to Information.
    3) Right to redressal.
    4) Right to representation.
    5) Right to Safety.
    6) Right to consumer education.
Categorise the following cases under different heads and mark against each in brackets.
(a) Lata got an electric shock from a newly purchased iron. She complained to the shopkeeper immediately.
(b) John is dissatisfied with the services provided by MTNL for the past few months. He files a case in the District Level Consumer Forum.
(c) Your friend has been sold a medicine that has crossed the expiry date and you are advising her to lodge a complaint.
(d) Iqbal makes it a point to scan through all the particulars given on the pack of any item that he buys.
(e) You are not satisfied with the services of the cable operator catering to your locality but you are unable to switch over to anybody else.
(f) You realize that you have received a defective camera from a dealer. You are complaining to the head office persistently.
Answer:
(a) Right to Safety.
(b) Right to redressal.
(c) Right to Information.
(d) Right to consumer education.
(e) Right to choice.
(f) Right to representation.
Question 5: If the standardization ensures the quality of a commodity, why are many goods available in the market without ISI or Agmark certification?
Answer: There are many goods available in the market without ISI or Agmark certification. This is because, it is not compulsory for all the producers to follow standards and get certified by the institutions like ISI or Agmark.
Question 6: Find out the details of who provides Hallmark and ISO certification.
Answer: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) provides Hallmark certification.
Hallmarking of Gold Jewellery is operated through BIS network of Regional and Branch Offices all over the country.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certifies the standards of products at the international level. It was established in 1947 and located in Geneva.
BIS has been an active member of ISO. So, it takes active part in the development of International Standards with a view to protect the interests of Indian trade and industry.
For answers of questions of earlier pages please refer to our previous post:


Other related Posts:

Consumer Rights - Class 10 CBSE Economics - NCERT Answers of Chapter 5 Intext Questions of Page 77, 78, 79, 80

 

CBSE Class 10, NCERT Economics (Social Science)

CONSUMER RIGHTS

Answers of NCERT Economics Textbook Chapter 5, InText Questions
Page - 77
Question 1: What are the various ways in which people may be exploited in the market?
OR
How the consumers are exploited in the market?
OR
What are the different forms of consumer exploitation?
Answer: People may be exploited in the market in the following ways:
Underweight
Many dishonest shopkeepers weigh less than what they should.
Additional charges
Sometimes traders add charges that were not mentioned before, also known as hidden cost.
Adulteration
At times adulterated or defective goods are sold in the market.
False and incomplete information
Generally false information is passed on through media and other sources to attract consumers are incomplete or misleading.
Artificial scarcity
Traders create artificial scarcity of a particular good to increase the price and earn high profit. Not only traders, even large companies sometimes manipulate in the market to take illegal advantage.
Duplicate goods
Some dishonest producers produce duplicate goods of some renowned brands.
Rough behaviour
At times, sellers do not behave well especially with illiterate and ignorant customers.
Poor service
Unsatisfactory after-sale service or beach of terms and conditions as given before sale.
Question 3: What do you think should be the role of government to protect consumers?
Answer: To protect the consumers, the government should play the following legislative, administrative and technical roles:
Legislative
The government should implement the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 with great devotion. It should remove the loopholes and strengthened this Act so that the consumer could be benefited from this Act or practice.
Administrative
It includes all administrative measures that should be done to ensure consumer protection. The government should distribute all essential commodities through Public Distribution System (PDS) i.e., the government regulated ration shops among the poorer section of the society. These ration shops keep stock of food grains, sugar, kerosene oil etc. These items are sold at a price lower than the market price.
Technical
It consists of standardization of products and services. That is, the government should set certain standards for a product or service on the basis of its desired qualities like safety, durability, utility, weight, colour, etc. Though in India, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) observes such things in the industrial and consumer goods while Agmark is meant for agricultural products. The working of these institutions should be improved.
Page - 78
Question 1: What could have been the steps taken by consumer groups?
Answer: The following steps could have been taken by consumer groups:
1) Wiring articles on consumer's rights and duties.
2) Holding exhibitions for consumer awareness.
3) To look into the malpractices in ration shops such as diverting the grains to open market to get better margin.
4) To give pressure on business firms and government to correct business conduct which may be unfair and against the interests of consumers at large.
Question 2: There may be rules and regulations but they are not followed. Why? Discuss.
Answer: The following are the main reasons responsible for the above situation:
(a) Corrupt government officials: The law implementing officials are very corrupt. They give space to escape dishonest traders and shopkeepers by taking bribe from them.
(b) Red-tapism: The dishonest shopkeepers also break the rules and regulations resorting to red tapism. They find out relationship with the concerned government officials and able to do malpractices.
(c) Ignorant consumer: Illiteracy causes ignorance. Even the literate consumers do not bother about the price, quality, durability, composition, etc. of the product. So, it is easy for the shopkeepers to break the concerned rules and regulations.
(d) Limited supplies: If the supply of a good is less than its demand, the price rises. This encourages the tendency of hoarding among sellers by breaking the law.
(e) Limited competition: If the production of a good is in a few hands, they restrict the supply of that product and manipulate its price. 
Page - 79
Question 1: For the following (you can add to the list) products/services discuss what safety rules should be observed by the producer?
a) LPG cylinder
b) Cinema theatre   
c) Circus
d) Medicines
e) Edible oil
f)  Marriage pandal
g) A high-rise building
Answer: The following safety rules should be adopted in the case of following products:
(a) LPG cylinder: There should be no leakage in the cylinder. The quality and proper weight of the cylinder should be ensured.
(b) Cinema theatre: There should be proper exit, fire extinguisher, safe building, toilet, etc.
(c) Circus: The producer should observe fire extinguisher, safe cage for dangerous animals, trained personnel, etc.
(d) Medicines: Manufacturing date, expiry date, batch number and ingredients should be printed.
(e) Edible oil: There should be no adulteration. Agmark and date of packaging with batch number, shelf-life should be given on the bottle.
(f) Marriage pandal: Safe pandal, fire extinguishers, proper exit should be ensured.
(g) A high-rise building: Consultation with efficient architect, safe building, fire extinguishers, proper exit, well maintained toilet and verandah should be ensured.
Page - 80
Question 1: Why is it that rules have been made so that the manufacture displays the information regarding ingredients used, price, batch number, etc?
Answer: This is because; consumers have the right to be informed about the particulars of goods and services that they purchase. They can then complain and ask for compensation and replacement if the product proves to be defective in any manner.
Question 2: What is Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005?
Answer: In October 2005, the Central Government of India enacted a law, which is popularly known as RTI (Right to Information) Act, which ensures is citizens all the information about the functions of government departments.

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