CBSE Class 8 Social and Political Life III
Unit V: Economic Presence of the Government
Chapter 10, Law and Social Justice
NCERT Answers - NCERT Solutions
Question 2: What are the advantages to foreign companies
in setting up production in India?
Answer: There
are quite a few advantages for which the foreign companies try to set up their
production in developing countries like India. These are -
- Availability of skilled workforce at a cheap rate.
- Cost savings by means of lower safety measures and poor facilities for the workers and employees.
- To take advantage of weaker laws.
- Availability of space at their choice.
- Availability of good quality raw materials at low rates.
- Government incentives.
Question 3: Do you think the victims of Bhopal gas tragedy got
justice? Discuss.
Answer: No,
the victims of Bhopal gas tragedy are still fighting for justice.
At first, the Union
Carbide (UC) refused to accept responsibility despite the wide-open, so many
evidences of the tragedy. The UC got away after paying a bare minimum
compensation to the survivors of this tragedy. Even after 24 years the
survivors are still fighting for justice, for safe drinking water, for health-care
facilities and jobs for the poisoned by UC. Their cases are still pending in
numerous courts.
Question 4: What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement?
Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important?
Answer: When
we speak of law enforcement we mean that the provisions of the law must be
applicable to all people without any discrimination, in letter and spirit.
The responsibility
for enforcement of any law lies with the Government. While the Government has a
leading role in this respect, to some extent people are also responsible since
they can exert pressure to the Government officials or organisations for the
enforcement and implementation of any law.
Through making,
enforcing and upholding these laws the Government can control the activities of
individuals or organisations to ensure social justice. Unless a law is enforced
it has no importance. Enforcement becomes even more important when the law
seeks to protect the weak from the strong.
Question 5: How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner
that is fair? Give two examples to support your answer.
Answer: Law
can ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair by ensuring the
enforcement of the law in letter and spirit.
- Law against hoarding and black marketing must be enforced in such a way that stringent punishment be given to the violators of the law and the hoarded goods must be forfeited.
- Anti Child Labour Act must be enforced, not a single child must be allowed to work in shops, tea stalls and restaurants.
Question 6: Imagine yourself to be a worker working in a
chemical factory, which has received orders from the government to move to a
different site 100 kms away from the present location. Write about how your
life would change? Read our your responses in the classroom.
Answer: My
life would change drastically.
- There will be no pollution.
- Wages would increase.
- Housing facilities would be provided.
- Some problems would come initially to be settled at a new place.
- Employer would pay more attention to the workers.
Question 8: What are the sources of environmental pollution in
your area? Discuss with respect to (a) air; (b) water and (c) soil. What are
the steps being taken to reduce the pollution? Can you suggest some other measures?
Answer: There
are many sources of environmental pollution in our area.
a) Air Pollution: By vehicles, industrial
gases disposed through chimneys, smokes from red brick Bhattas.
b) Water Pollution: Various chemical
discharges and other liquid effluents from some industries like tanneries, aluminium
etc. Because of dry latrines and inefficient discharge of house wastes and sewerage
into the river.
c) Soil Pollution: Due to the
throwing of plastic bags here and there, lack of proper arrangement of
disposing household wastes, industrial effluents and ashes etc.
In the recent years
there has been a consistent increase in awareness of the need for a clean
environment. The courts in our country have come out with a number of strong
orders on the environmental issues and accordingly steps are also being taken
to reduce pollutions. But still many more things have to be done in this
direction:
- Appropriate measures need to be taken by countries and local authorities of the world to stop the misuse or overuse of resources.
- Environmental degradation can be checked by conserving land, air and water resources. For this we have to control the pollutants at the source.
- By proper enforcement of laws and norms related to environmental issues such as - use of plastic bags, disposal of all type of wastes, harmful emissions from different industries, etc. People can also help and pressurize Government authorities to create a cleaner environment.
Question 9: How was environment treated earlier? What has been
the change in perception? Discuss.
Answer: Earlier the
environment was treated as a 'free' entity and any industry or even an
individual could pollute the air and water without any restrictions. Whether it
was our rivers, air, and groundwater - the environment was being polluted since
there were no laws in this regard.
In the recent years
and particularly the Bhopal gas tragedy has brought the issue of environment to
the forefront. Now the perception has completely changed and the people have
understood that the environment is something which the people over generations
will share. There has been an increasing awareness among all that a clean
environment is a public facility that cannot be destroyed merely for industrial
development. The courts also gave a number of judgments upholding the right to
a healthy environment as intrinsic to the Fundamental Right to life.
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