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Class X NCERT CBSE Guide for Social Science (History)
Chapter 7, India and the Contemporary World-II
Print Culture and the Modern World
points to remember (CBSE Notes)
- The earliest kind of print technology was developed in Asia (China). It was a system of hand printing.
- The paper was also first invented in China.
- The Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand printing technology into Japan. The oldest Japanese book printed at AD 688, is the Buddhist “Diamond Sutra”.
Answers of Sample Questions (See Questions)
Q.1.Answer:
In the ancient days after the invention of paper in China, it was rubbed
against the inked surface of wooden blocks, from one side only. This was the
traditional Chinese “Accordion Book”, in which paper was folded and stitched at
side. Later it was duplicated by skilled men.
Q.2.Answer:
Imperial China was based on a system of large bureaucracy. The employees were
selected through written examination. For this purpose, candidates required
textbooks to prepare for this examination.
Q.3.Answer:
Rashasundari Devi, a young married girl wrote her autobiography “Amar Jiban”
which was published in 1876. This was the first full-length autobiography
published in Bengali language. Rashasundari Devi belonged to a conservative
family and learnt reading-writing in the secrecy of her kitchen.
Q.4.Answer:
Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain belonged to a highly conservative Muslim family.
She learnt reading-writing after much struggling with her own effort. Later she
became a noted educationalist and was strongly in favour of women’s education.
She criticized and condemned strongly those men who tried to oppose women’s
education.
Q.5.Answer:
The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid
16th century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani language and printed several
tracts.
Q.6.Answer:
James Augustus Hickey, a British, began to edit the ‘Bengal Gazette’ the first
ever English weekly magazine from India later taken over by Gangadhar
Bhattacharya. Thus, Gangadhar Bhattacharya became the first Indian to publish a
news paper from India. By the close of 18th century a number of news papers and
journals started to appear in India.
Q.7.Answer:
(1)
In India the printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in
the mid 16th century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani language and printed
several tracts.
(2)
By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kanara languages.
Catholic priests printed books in Tamil language for the first time in 1579 in
Cochin. In 1713, first Malayalam books were printed.
(3)
English printing developed much after the arrival of East India Company in
India. By the end of 18th century a number of news papers and journals appeared
in print. The first news paper to be published by an Indian was “Bengal
Gazette”. It was published by Gangadhar Bhattacharya from Calcutta. From the
beginning of 19th century in India the print culture had become so popular that
the social reformers and even the common people including the poor started to
feel the benefit of it.
Q.8.Answer:
After 1857 revolt, the attitude to the freedom of press changed. Enraged Englishmen
demanded the British government to control the ‘native’ press and also take
actions against them. As vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist,
the colonial government thought to impose strict control on the vernacular
presses.
As
a result in 1878, the “Vernacular Press Act” was passed. This act was modeled
on the Irish Press Laws. It provided the government extensive rights to censor
reports and editorials in the vernacular presses. The government started to
keep regular track of the vernacular newspapers which were published from
different provinces. According to this Act, if a report was judged seditious,
the newspaper was warned, and if the ignoring was ignored the press was liable
to be seized and the printing machines confiscated.
Q.9.Answer:
In spite of the repressive measures taken by the Colonial Government to control
local vernacular press by enacting the “Vernacular Press Act”, nationalist
newspapers grew in numbers in all parts of the country. They reported on
colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities. The government tried to
kill nationalist criticism by its all means. This in turn led to the renewed
protests.
Balgangadhar
Tilak wrote his sympathies for the deported Punjab revolutionaries in his
publication “Kesari”. This led to his imprisonment provoking in turn widespread
protest all over India.
Class 10, NCERT (CBSE) History Solutions
- India and The Contemporary World - II
Chapter 7, Print Culture and the Modern World | Solutions of NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions 
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